Interactive web collaboration systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A topic room is provided in which one or more individuals or other entities may collaborate on topics of mutual interest. Multiple individuals or participants may use the topic room to communicate in real or non-real time and may work together to create, browse, modify, comment on, and perform any other suitable action on content. A chat room within the topic room receives, records, and transmits the communications and all activity in the topic room to all participants as messages. Client processes at a participant&#39;s user equipment may listen to the messages and take particular actions. For example, one participant can follow another participant as that participant browses through material by using the messages received from that participant.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser.No. 10/439,143, filed May 14, 2003, which is herebyincorporated-by-reference herein in its entirety.

REFERENCE TO A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX

This application contains a computer program listing appendix submittedon two copies (i.e., copy 1 and copy 2) of a compact disc, which ishereby incorporated-by-reference herein in its entirety. The computerlisting appendix is submitted as a Word file named Appendix A, which isa 570 kb in size and was created on May 14, 2003.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the Internet, and more particularly, totechniques for creating and viewing material on the World Wide Web(“web”), and to techniques by which multiple individuals can communicatewith each other and work collaboratively on content and materials.

The World Wide Web has made the Internet accessible to a broad range ofpeople. One can search the web and view large amounts of material usinga web browser. Recent improvements have made it easier for individualsto contribute their own ideas and creative content via the web. However,there is no satisfactory framework within the web to assist and enable agroup of people who may be physically remote from each other, to talk toeach other, work together, discuss ideas, create, view, enhance, modify,alter, comment on, and create multiple alternative versions of newmaterial while recording their interactions and contributions in such away that participants may be automatically identified and rewarded fortheir efforts, the deliberations of the group preserved and reviewed,and the sequence of interactions reproduced. As a result, many peoplewho have access to the web do not use it in their collaborative efforts.

Furthermore, there is no satisfactory framework within the web tosupport the definition of pre-defined roles and responsibilities forgroup members, by which groups organize their activities, nor anysatisfactory framework within the Web either to assist participants inunderstanding, reviewing, accepting, or performing those roles, or toimplement systems or methods by which those roles may be objectivelyspecified and carried out automatically or semi-automatically byintelligent artificial agents.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to facilitate thecollaboration of multiple participants using a data network such as theweb and to record the particulars of their collaboration.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a way in whichto facilitate a description, specification, and implementation of rolesusing a data network such as the web.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects of the invention are accomplished in accordancewith the principles of the present invention by providing a frameworkand a space referred to as a topic room in which one or more individualsor other entities may collaborate on topics of mutual interest. A topicroom is a collaborative framework, in which multiple individuals maycarry out live or non-real time written, verbal, or multimediaconversations, and may work together to discuss, create, browse, modify,comment on, disagree about, create enhancements to or alternativeversions of, and otherwise contribute to content or material. Within theframework of the topic room, such discussions are recorded and logged,as are all elements of the collaboration, interactions betweenparticipants, and individual contributions of those participants.

A topic room includes a chat room. A chat room holds all of thecurrently active participants in the topic room, and supports theirinteractions. The chat room records the activity in the topic room,makes that activity visible to the participants, monitors topic roomactivity, and carries out various support tasks as requested by the chatroom participants.

Activity in a topic room is a sequence of actions. A record of topicroom activity comprises a log of topic room actions, created by the chatroom. This log becomes part of the contents of the topic room, and maybe selectively inspected, reproduced, and animated. A recorded topicroom action can be animated. Animating a recorded action reproduces theaction, and animating a sequence of actions has the effect of recreatingthe activity in the topic room.

A conversation between participants in a topic room may well includeverbal communication. A conventional telephony system may be employedfor this conversation. Alternatively, individuals or groups may employlocal recording techniques that generate digital audio or othermultimedia recordings, and then share those recordings, or portionsthereof. The audiorecorder is a topic room tool which supports local orremote capture of audio or multimedia recordings of participants'conversation, singing, recitations, musical or other performances, etc.,and assists in the inclusion of such material into the topic room alongwith useful other information. The other information can include atimestamp, a source identifier (e.g., the speaker), and a topicspecification. The audiorecorder can be used to annotate a continuousrecording, or include limited “clips” taken from a larger recording inthe topic room record.

Digital recordings are only one example of material relevant to topicroom activity that may not have a native form that allows them to beeasily and directly incorporated into a page. Such material is called“external material”. Topic rooms include a method for representingexternal material outside of a folder by a page inside the folder, andfor generating an internal Universal Reference Locator from the externalURL of the external material.

A tag makes it possible to locate external material. A tag is astructured meta-content object that contains information about foldercontent. A tag can be embodied as an HTML element. A tag is created for,and stored in, every page. A tag holds all the meta information(non-content information) for a page. A tag holds system-generatedinformation, such as authoring information and various content links. Atag may also contain a behavior object, through which the behavior ofthe page is defined, using techniques that are discussed below. Finally,the tag of each page may hold a template copy of the link to that page.

Collaborative efforts are aided by techniques which support thetentative and contingent association of comments, notes, alternativerenderings, pictures, and other material with the content of pages.Topic rooms support this contingent association with “links”. Links arestructured meta-content objects that refer to a page, and can beinserted into one or more pages. A link can be embodied as an HTMLelement. The visual aspect of a link can be determined on a case-by-casebasis when the page in which it is embedded is displayed. As a result, aparticular link can be rendered visible or invisible, sets of relatedlinks displayed in such a way as to share identifying properties such ascolor, etc. The link could also be rendered by rendering the contents ofthe page to which the link refers. The rendering characteristics of alink can be determined by the link's creator, the owner of the page inwhich the link is embedded, the viewer of the page, or other controllingfactors. Links can be copied manually or automatically using a“drag-and-drop” or other operation.

Each participant in the activities that take place in a topic room maybe represented by an identity. An identity may be a topic room whosetopic is the entity it represents. Whenever an entity participates inany topic room, that entity's activity may also be recorded in theiridentity.

All activities in a topic room may be captured and described using aformalism for creating, sustaining, and supporting communication betweenindependent, distributed, self-regulating, cooperating objects. Anobject can do two things: it can communicate with other objects, and itcan control non-objects.

Folders and pages are objects. Other objects include the audiorecorder,the controller, the chat room, and the server. Objects may communicatewith each other by constructing, transmitting, receiving, andinterpreting messages. Each message constitutes a plurality ofstatements. A statement may be a speakable command that can beinterpreted by an interpreter and complies with the specifications of agrammar. A statement may define an atomic event or action within a topicroom.

A script comprises a parallel sequence of statements. Scripts are usedto define useful collections of actions, often described as “behavior”.All objects have such scripts associated with them. Hence, objects have“behavior” associated with them. One object can inherit the scriptsassociated with another object, and thereby “inherit” part or all of the“behavior” associated with that other object.

As described above, every page may have a tag associated with it. In thetag is the behavior for the page. A behavior is the collection ofscripts that are attached to the page, and which contribute to thebehavior of the page. The behavior of a page is the behavior specifiedby the page's tag. This in turn is the behavior of the scripts in thattag, including any inherited behavior.

The behavior of a folder is the composition of the behavior of the pagesin the folder. Composition is a well-defined inheritance process.

A persona is a folder whose behavior has been designed to be useful,interesting, entertaining, or otherwise distinguishing behavior. Aparticipant in a topic room may temporarily or permanently “adopt apersona” by having that participant's identity folder inherit thescripts in the persona folder.

An assistant is a self-contained identity that has sufficientlywell-defined, sophisticated, useful, and or interesting behavior,history, and content that it can usefully contribute by itself as atopic room participant.

Activity within a topic room may constitute parallel sequences ofmessages exchanged between the objects representing the participants inthe room and the material upon which they are collaborating. Records oftopic room activity may take the form of scripts, and may constitute thehistory of their respective topic rooms.

Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantageswill be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the followingdetailed description of the preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative Ibook site in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative topic room in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 shows a system diagram of an Ibook site server, a chat server,and client computers in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows topic room client components in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 shows a user chat message and Verbol chat message in accordancewith the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an illustrative MySharer window in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 shows an illustrative chat room window in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 8 shows an illustrative audiorecorder window in accordance with thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Generally speaking, the present invention provides improvements onexisting interactive web book systems. An existing interactive web booksystem is described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,717 toReynolds et al. (hereinafter “Ibook system” (Ibook is a registeredtrademark of Family Systems, Ltd.)), which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety. An interactive web book system is aself-extending, self-sustaining information-redistributing web robotwhich is resident on a data network such as the Internet or an intranet.Material in an interactive web book system may be organized in the formof web pages. Material may be text, two-dimensional, three-dimensionalor n-dimensional graphics, animation, audio, video, source or executablecode, or any type of multimedia format. Within each Web page, materialmay be organized in passages. Passages can be of any suitable size, suchas a paragraph for textual material, or a video or audio clip of acertain length for multimedia material. Related interactive web booksystem technology supports the automatic distribution, publishing, andsynchronization of interactive web book system content and other databetween multiple users and sites. These features are described in, forexample, Reynolds et al. PCT Publication No. WO 02/088909, filed Feb. 1,2002 (hereinafter “MySharer software” (MySharer is a registeredtrademark of Family Systems, Ltd.)), which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

Topic Rooms

A topic room may include all of the behavior and functionality ofexisting interactive web book systems, such as the Ibook system. A topicroom also preferably includes a chat room that supports and recordsinteractions between multiple users and Verbol scripts (Verbol is aregistered trademark of Family Systems, Ltd.) that define the behaviorand capabilities of the topic room. The term Ibook folder will be usedherein to refer to material that is stored in an interactive web booksystem. Therefore, a topic room preferably includes an Ibook folder, achat room, and Verbol scripts.

Every topic room preferably has a topic. The topic is what the materialin the Ibook folder is about. A subject Ibook folder is an Ibook folderwhose topic is a particular subject (other than being about an Ibookmember or a persona). An identity Ibook folder is an Ibook folder whosetopic is an individual (or other entity) that is an enrolled member ofan Ibook site. A persona is an Ibook folder whose topic is a history anda named set of behaviors, both of which a contributor can adopt toenhance their identity.

Ibook Sites

Topic Rooms are held in Ibook sites. Ibook sites allow users to gainaccess to topic rooms by enrolling as members in the Ibook site thatholds the topic room. Every topic room is preferably contained within asingle Ibook site. An Ibook site may contain multiple topic rooms. Anexemplary Ibook site is described more detail in the Ibook systempatent.

Ibook Folders

As used herein, the terms “Ibook folder” and “topic room” are largelyinterchangeable. Where a distinction appears to be indicated, an Ibookfolder should be considered to correspond to the aspect of a topic roomthat has the properties of existing interactive web book systems such asthe Ibook system. An Ibook folder has the capacity to store and presentcontent, maintain attribution and derivation information associated withthe content, and so forth.

Formally, in object-oriented programming terminology, a topic room is anIbook folder: it has all of the properties, methods, and behaviors or anIbook folder, and may well have additional properties methods andbehaviors.

The Ibook folder aspect of a topic room stores all of the permanentcontent of the topic room. That is, the persistent storage of all topicroom state information is in the Ibook folder of the topic room. Thecontent, history, and behavior of a topic room may be organized into acollection of Ibook pages.

An Ibook page comprises an itag and content material. Every Ibook pagepreferably has an itag. The content portion of the Ibook page may beempty. An itag holds information about the page, and a vspace. Thevspace holds Verbol scripts that define behavior associated with thepage.

Each Ibook folder preferably has several distinguished pages. Onedistinguished page may be the “home page” of the Ibook folder. The topicof the Ibook folder may be specified in the itag of the Ibook folder'shome page. Other distinguished pages may be “chat pages”. A chat pageholds a record or log of a Verbol chat that took place in the Ibook chatroom. Alternatively, a chat page may be located elsewhere within a topicroom such as within a Verbol chat room.

Itags

An itag is a structured text element. Every Ibook page preferably has anitag. In one embodiment, an itag may be an HTML element. Every itagpreferably contains system-generated identifying information about theIbook page, an archetypal istamp for the Ibook page, and the vspace ofthe Ibook page.

The system-generated information in an itag may include but is notlimited to a) template links, also known as attribution links; b) copylinks, also known as derivation links; c) identity links, which point tothe contents of the Ibook page; d) child links, which should begenerated in the child list of the vspace of the parent; and e)authoring information, including but not limited to the universal dateand time of creation of the content associated with the itag, author orspeaker (that is, the creator of the content itself), date ofcontribution to the Ibook; identity of the Ibook contributor, andadditional information such as type, category, notes, descriptions, etc.

Vspaces and Verbol Scripts

The itag in an Ibook page preferably holds a vspace. A vspace contains auser-defined Verbol script that defines the behavior of the Ibook page.Among other things, a page's Verbol script may act to automaticallyincorporate contributions to the Ibook page or folder. As a result ofthe incorporation, some Ibook pages may be revised and new Ibook pagesmay be created.

When an Ibook page is created, it normally inherits its behavior, in theform of Verbol statements, from its parent and from its template. Theparent of an Ibook page is the Ibook page that the Ibook controller ofthe page's creator was browsing when the page was created. As part ofthe creation process, the creator can optionally designate any page inthe current Ibook folder as the template for the page being created.

The method by which an Ibook page inherits Verbol behavior may be eitherstatic or dynamic. In the static method, when a page is created thecontents of the vspace of its parent and its template is copied into thenew Ibook page's vspace. In the dynamic method, when a page is createdthe contents of the vspace of its parent and its template is referencedin its vspace. Thus, in the static method, subsequent changes to apage's parent or template behavior does not result in changes in thepage's behavior. In the dynamic method, subsequent changes to the parentor template behavior is reflected in the page's own behavior. When thestatic inheritance method is employed, the inheritance may be“refreshed” from time to time. In the refresh operation, new copies ofthe parent's and template's behavior are transferred to the page, sothat the page acquires any changes in the parent's or template'sbehavior that took place since the last static copy operation.

IBook Page Content

The content associated with an Ibook page may reside in the Ibook pageitself, or external to the page. In one embodiment of Ibook pages,content within the page is in the form of HTML statements. Other formsof content include but are not limited to Microsoft Word documents, PDFdocuments, faxes, spreadsheets, audio and other multimedia recordings,etc.

External Content

A topic room uses Ibook pages and istamps to incorporate content into anIbook folder. An Ibook folder may include any kind of content that canbe digitally located and accessed, so that the fundamental advantages ofbeing part of an Ibook folder (the ability to access and manipulate thecontent, the maintenance of a history for the content including at leastderivation and attribution information, and the storage and invocationof behavior of the content) can apply to content of any kind.

Content is incorporated into an Ibook folder by creating an Ibook pageto hold the content, or to refer to the content. All the contentassociated with an Ibook folder is preferably held in Ibook pages, orreferred to by Ibook pages. For example, in one embodiment of istamps,the Ibook controller uses Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) to refer to,locate, and access all forms of content. In the embodiment underdiscussion, the Ibook controller also uses a URL to refer to, locate,and access Ibook pages. In this embodiment, the Ibook controller handles“external content”—content that can not be inserted into an Ibook page,but that is to be logically included as part of the Ibook page—by makinguse of an algorithm that accepts as input an arbitrary content URL, andproduces as output a “mapped” URL that is within the domain of the Ibookfolder. The Ibook controller creates an Ibook page with this mapped URL.The itag of the new page includes the URL of the external content. Ifsome content is stored inside of its istamp, it is stored in such a waythat it can be easily located once the istamp has been located. Thuseither the Ibook page or the external content may be located by knowingthe URL of the other element.

Verbol Chat Rooms

A. Overview

As discussed above, and as illustrated in FIG. 1, Ibook site 100 mayinclude multiple Ibook folders 1000. Some of the folders may be identityIbook folders, and some may be subject Ibook folders. In addition, Ibooksite 100 may include one or more topic rooms 2000. FIG. 2 shows a moredetailed diagram of topic room 2000. As discussed above, and asillustrated in FIG. 2, topic room 2000 comprises an Ibook folder 1000and a Verbol chat room 1200. The Ibook folders in topic rooms maytypically be subject Ibook folders, but may also be identity Ibookfolders. Ibook folders may include multiple Ibook passages such as Ibookpassages 1100. Topic room 2000 preferably includes a chat page or chatlog 1150.

Verbol chat room 1200 allows Ibook site members to exchange messages andcontributing content to the Ibook folder 1000 within topic room 2000. Aninteraction of this sort is referred to as “Verbol chat,” or simply as a“chat”. Verbol chat room 1200 (or simply the chat room) supports Verbolchats, and generates a complete history of each chat, storing thehistory in the chat page or chat log 1150 of topic room 2000. Thehistory becomes an integral part of the content of topic room 2000.

A topic room may include one or more Ibook folders and one or more chatrooms. In one possible embodiment, one chat room is created for eachIbook folder nominated as a Topic Room. When a Topic Room is created(for instance, during enrollment of an Ibook site user, or when an Ibooksite user issues a “create new Ibook folder” command to the Ibook site)a chat room is created by the Ibook site that is supporting the Ibooksystem, and is associated with the Topic Room. Each Verbol chat roompreferably has a name. Its name may be derived from the name of theTopic Room with which it is associated.

A Verbol chat room may a) allow topic room participants to engage inlive, on-line communication with each other via chat messages; b) recordtheir interactions as a log of chat messages in the chat page; and c) iscapable of animating those records—playing them back—so as to reproducerecorded chat room interactions. The chat room also reduplicates thecontributions of participants to other Ibook folders by sending Verbolmessages to other relevant Ibook folders. Whenever a participant makes acontribution to a topic room, an entry is added to the log, or history,of that topic room describing the contribution, and a Verbol message isalso sent to the participant's identity, which results in an entry inthe history of that Ibook folder.

B. Server Side Chat Room Components

An Ibook site sponsor maintains a chat server computer on a network inorder to support topic rooms. The chat server computer runs a chatserver process. The chat server computer may be the same physicalcomputer as the Ibook site computer, or they may be different computersattached via a network. In addition to the chat server process, one chatroom software component for each active chat room runs on the chatserver computer supporting that chat room.

C. Client Side Software

When a user enrolls in a topic room, an enrollment program directs theuser to download and install any necessary topic room software ontotheir client computer. In another suitable approach, the software may bedownloaded and installed at any later time onto a client computer. Thetopic room software includes a standard web browser, an Ibook controllerwhich creates a Verbol wrapper around the web browser, a Verbol chatclient (or simply chat client) software, and any other suitable clientsoftware for supporting interaction with the topic room.

D. General Operation

During operation, Verbol chat participants of a topic room using clientcomputers interact with each other by exchanging text, media, and Verbolmessages, and create, display, and modify Ibook pages. As shown in FIG.3, these interactions are supported by Ibook site server computer 2000and chat server computer 3000. In particular, chat server process 3100receives chat messages from individual client computers 4000 and 5000and rebroadcasts those messages to all participants in the chat room ofa topic room. Chat server process 3100 also sends all chat messages tothe chat room software component running on chat server computer 3000.This chat room software component is responsible for logging all chatmessages in the chat page of the associated topic room, and forretrieving those messages on demand for playback to chat roomparticipant. The chat room software component use standard Ibook foldersoftware and operations to maintain and access the chat page in whichthis log, or history, of chat messages is maintained.

Ibook site server 2000 and chat server 3000 may simultaneously supportmultiple chat room participants and multiple enrolled non-chat RoomIbook site users.

Ibook site server 2000, chat server 3000, and client computers 4000 and5000 may be personal computers, laptop computers, mainframe computers,personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. or any combination of the same.Ibook site server 2000 and chat server 3000 may communicate with clientcomputers 4000 and 5000 over any communications links suitable forcommunicating data such as network links, dial-up links, wireless links,hard-wired links, etc.

E. IRC Embodiment

In one possible embodiment, the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) protocol isused support chat rooms. In such an embodiment, the chat server is builton top of a standard IRC server, and chat messages are text messageswrapped inside the IRC message protocol. In this embodiment, the Verbolchat client communicates with the chat server over a network or Internetusing the IRC protocol.

F. Chat Room Activation

An enrolled Ibook site member needs to log into a topic room before heor she can participate in a Verbol chat. In addition to logging in, themember also needs to “enter” the chat room of the topic room. Once theyhave entered the chat room, they become a participant in the Verbolchat. Users may enter a chat room by running their Verbol chat clientsoftware on their client computer, and providing certain information tothe chat client, such as the name of the chat room they want to enter,and the URL of the chat server that is supporting that chat room.Alternatively, this process may be automated so that a user may simplyselect a chat room icon in the topic room to enter the chat room.

When an enrolled user enters a chat room, the chat server determineswhether or not the chat room is active. If the chat room is not active,the chat server accesses the topic room database, activates the chatroom, initializes the chat room software component running on the chatserver computer, and enters the user as a participant in the chat room.The chat room will remain active as long as it has any participants.When it no longer has any participants, the chat server preferablydeactivates the chat room.

FIG. 7 shows an illustrative chat room window 8000. As illustrated inthe top portion of window 8000, there are two participants in the chatroom: gerald and steve2. The top portion of window 8000 also shows theirmost recent action, which is “browses” for both participants and thelocations of their web browser.

G. Chat Room Participation

Chat room participants can send and receive messages to and from otherparticipants, and make various requests of the chat room and of otherparticipants. For instance, they can ask the chat room to let them“follow” another participant as the participant browses from place toplace. Participants make such requests using the Verbol chat client. Thechat client may perform at least the following functions:

1. Display relevant information, including the names, actions, andlocations of participants, and certain selected chat messages.

2. Provide a user interface for issuing chat room requests.

3. Filter chat messages, selecting certain messages for display.

4. Hide chat messages, so that they are not displayed.

5. Monitor chat messages, and execute predefined processes when certainmessages, or combinations of messages, are detected.

The requests that a chat client supports include the following:

1. Enter a designated chat room.

2. Leave the current chat room.

3. Follow another participant in the chat. A participant may followanother participant for example by right clicking on the otherparticipant in window 8000 and selecting this option.

4. Browse to the same location as another participant in the chat. Aparticipant may browse to the same location as another participant byselecting that participant's location in the top portion of window 8000.

5. Send a user message to the chat room. A participant may send amessage to the chat room by entering the message in message text box8050 in window 8000.

6. Show older messages in the chat room. A participant may view oldermessages by selecting menu option 8100 in window 8000 and selecting thisoption.

The chat client supports these requests by gathering necessaryinformation from the participant, and then creating and transmittingchat messages. The chat client also receives all chat messages broadcastby the chat server, examines each messages, and processes itappropriately. Depending upon certain predefined participantpreferences, the chat client may display some of the messages itreceives. Chat messages are displayed for example in area 8150 of window8000. The chat client also passes all chat messages to other clienttopic room software components. When a topic room user is participatingin a chat room, all of the topic room participants' client softwarecomponents monitor all chat messages.

H. Chat Messages

Topic room software generates two types of chat messages: user chatmessages and Verbol chat messages. User chat messages are generated bythe chat client whenever the user types, or otherwise creates, a messageto chat room participants. User chat messages may have arbitrary messagecontent that is examined but often not interpreted by topic roomsoftware components. Verbol chat messages are chat messages that aregenerated by topic room client or server software components. Verbolchat messages contain Verbol commands that are typically interpreted byand acted upon by other topic room software components. Thus, ingeneral, both human participants and software clients create, monitor,examine, and react to chat messages.

FIG. 5 illustrates content 6300 and 6600 of user chat message 6100 andVerbol chat message 6500, respectively. Content 6300 of user chatmessage 6100 comprises the following fields: a) a user name indicatingthe name of the participant who generated the message; b) a timestampindicating when the message was generated, and c) an arbitrary messagecontent that the user entered. Content 6600 of Verbol chat message 6500also comprise the user name field and the time stamp field. In addition,Verbol chat message 6500 also comprises a designated prefix field (thestring “VERBOL!” in one possible embodiment), a recognized Verbolcommand field (such as “BROWSE”, “REVISE”, or “CREATE”), and a set ofcommand arguments (such as a URL). In one possible embodiment catmessages are “wrapped” in an IRC protocol for transmission betweensoftware components on a client computer, for transmission from a clientcomputer to the chat server, and for transmission from the chat serverto all participant client computers.

Topic Room Client Components

A topic room client computer runs software designed to support Ibookfolder contribution and chat room participation. This software may bedownloaded (e.g., from an Ibook site) during topic room user enrollment,or at a convenient later time. As shown in FIG. 4, a client computer5000 runs a web browser 5200 to support Ibook folder contribution, and aVerbol chat client 5400 to support chat room participation. The clientcomputer may also be running additional Ibook client components. All ofthese components communicate with each other by exchanging Verbol chatmessages through a communications component referred to as “Coms Layer”5500. Chat client 5400 receives all chat messages from the chat room(e.g., chat room 3200 (FIG. 3)), interprets each message, and alsopasses it on to the other client components by sending the message tothe Coms Layer 5500.

The web browser used to access the Ibook folder is customized bywrapping it in an Ibook controller component 5100 that supportsspecialized Ibook folder operations. This controller also acts as aVerbol wrapper, translating the web browsers actions into Verbol chatmessages, and allowing other components to interact with the web browserby sending it Verbol chat messages. The web browser continues tocommunicate with the Ibook web server using, for example, standard webmessages, such as HTTP messages. In addition, whenever a topic room useris participating in a Verbol chat room, every action the Ibookcontroller takes, such as creating a new Ibook page, browsing to adifferent Ibook page, or revising an Ibook page, is expressed as aVerbol command that is transmitted as a Verbol chat message to the chatroom. As a result, the log of the chat room contains a complete historyof the action of all participants in the chat room. In addition, anyparticipant “A” can browse to the current location in the topic roomthat any other participant “B” is at. Furthermore, any participant “A”can “follow” any other participant “B” from location to location in theIbook folder. The “follow” operation would be performed as follows:

1. Participant A selects participant B from the list of current chatroom participants displayed by participant A's chat client;

2. Participant A indicates that participant B should be “followed” byselecting a “Follow” control (such as a menu option) displayed byparticipant A's chat client;

3. Participant A's chat client issues a Verbol chat message specifyingthe follow action, and the name of the participant to be followed, andtransmits that message to the chat server and to the Coms layer of theclient computer.

4. Participant A's Ibook controller has registered with the Coms layer,and thus receives the follow Verbol chat message. It registers the factthat from now on it is to monitor all chat messages for “BROWSE” Verbolchat messages from participant B, and when it finds such a message it isto instruct the web browser that it is wrapping to browse to the URLspecified in participant B's chat message.

5. Participant A's “follow” chat message is also sent to the chatserver. The chat server sends it to the chat room software componentrunning on the chat server computer, and to all of the chat roomparticipants.

6. The chat room server component receives the chat message and writesit to the chat page of the Topic Room.

If at some later time Participant A wants to stop following ParticipantB, the following steps are taken:

1. Participant A selects a “stop following participant B” control on hischat client.

2. Participant A's chat client issues a Verbol chat message specifyingthe “stop following” action, and transmits that message to the chatserver and to the Coms layer of the client computer.

3. Participant A's Ibook controller receives the stop following Verbolchat message. It registers the fact that from now on it is to ignore anychat messages for “BROWSE” Verbol chat messages from participant B, anddoes so.

4. Participant A's stop following chat message is also sent to the chatserver. The chat server sends it to the chat room software componentrunning on the chat server computer, and to all of the chat roomparticipants.

5. The chat room server component receives the chat message and writesit to the chat page of the topic room.

History Activation

Playing back the history of participation in a chat room is anotherimportant capability. Because Ibook folder content is not removed ormodified, only revised (that is, a new copy made with the desiredmodifications), any previous Ibook folder state can always beredisplayed. For instance, a participant can ask for the last 10 minutesof chat room activity to be re-enacted, as follows:

1. Participant A selects “replay recent history” from a control on hisor her chat client.

2. The chat client asks participant A how many minutes back the playbackshould begin. Participant A enters a response (for example “10minutes”).

3. Participant A's chat client issues a Verbol chat message specifyingthe replay history action, and the time value of 10 minutes, andtransmits that message to the Coms layer of the client computer and tothe chat client.

4. Participant A's Ibook controller has registered with the Coms layer,and thus receives the replay history Verbol chat message. It registersthe fact that from now on it is to monitor all chat messages for“BROWSE” Verbol chat messages with its own name, and when it finds sucha message it is to instruct the web browser that it is wrapping tobrowse to the URL specified in those chat messages.

5. Participant A's replay history chat message is also sent to the chatserver. The chat server sends it to the chat room software componentrunning on the chat server computer, and to all of the chat roomparticipants.

6. The chat room server component receives the replay history chatmessage and interprets the message. It acts on the message by retrievingall of the messages it has received during the last ten minutes andresending them to the chat server in chronological order.

7. The chat server broadcasts all of the recorded messages.

8. The recorded messages are received by participant A. As participantA's chat client receives each recorded message, it displays the message.As participant A's Ibook controller component receives the messages, itfilters them and directs the web browser it controls to browse to thelocation that participant A had browsed to during the designated times.

Verbol “Whenever” Statements

Chat client software components monitor chat messages by acting as chatlisteners. A chat listener is an object that monitors chat messages, anddetects certain designated messages or combinations of messages arrivingin a chat room. A client component becomes a chat listener byregistering with the Coms layer. In one possible embodiment, it doesthis by calling the Coms layer with the address of a callback functionto be invoked whenever the Coms layer receives a chat message.

Each client component may handle every chat message, but a particularcomponent may respond to many chat messages by ignoring them. However,when certain designated chat messages, or combination of chat messages,are detected, the chat listener may automatically trigger certainscripted processes. In one possible embodiment, each triggering chatmessage or chat message combination, and the scripted process to executein response, is specified using a Verbol “whenever” statement stored inthe vspace attached to or associated with the current Ibook page. TheVerbol whenever statement has the following form: whenever <eventpattern> <action pattern>. The event pattern may be any regularexpression defining one or more users and their actions as logged inVerbol statements in the chat room, and action pattern may be any actionor process expressed in a scripting or other language such as Verbol,Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, etc. For example, the following is a Verbolwhenever statement: “whenever {any page/this page is} revise[d] email[it to] email-address-list,” where the text in square brackets isoptional, and does not change the meaning of the message. The text inbraces are alternate forms meaning, respectively, any web page or thecurrent web page, and “email-address-list” is a valid Internetelectronic mail address list.

Ibook Contributors and Chat Room Participants

Topic rooms are used by members of Ibook sites. Ibook site members cancontribute to Ibook folders on the site, and participate in the site'schat rooms. In order to contribute or participate, each user may berequired to enroll as an Ibook site member (a one-time operation) andthen log into each topic room to which they want to contribute. Themember's contribution may take the form of participation in the chatroom, or contribution of material to the Ibook folder, or both. Making acontribution to the Ibook folder includes participation in the chatroom, because the topic room records a complete history of allcontributions as entries in the chat room record.

The terms “contributor” and “participant” are largely interchangeable.The term “contributor” focuses on people who contribute content to theIbook folder. The term “participant” focuses on people who participatein the chat room. A person can be a participant without being acontributor (if you only exchange messages with other participants, butnever make a contribution to the Ibook), but if you are a contributoryou are also a participant, because every Ibook contribution results inan entry in the chat room history.

The topic room may be considered a participant in its own chat room.When it updates the chat history files in its Ibook folder, it creates amessage in the chat history reflecting that contribution. Therefore itis listed as a participant, and can be found in the list of chat roomparticipants.

Thus, some participants are human, other participants may be legalentities, and still others are objects such as topic rooms.

Identity Ibooks Folders

Every enrolled member of an Ibook site has an identity Ibook folder onthat site. An identity may be a part of a topic room whose topic is anIbook site member. The site member may be a human individual or it maybe a legal entity such as an organization or corporation.

Other identity Ibook folders describe purely Verbolconstructs—collections of content, behavior, and capabilities. This sortof identity Ibook is called a Verbol assistant. Verbol assistants cancontribute to Ibook systems, and participate in chat rooms. For example,a meeting coordinator assistant is a set of Verbol scripts, stored in anidentity Ibook folder, that knows how to coordinate meetings of remoteparticipants. It includes scripts for calling individuals, connectingthem to the conference call, etc. A glossarizer is another example of aVerbol assistant that makes contributions to an Ibook folder bymonitoring the contents of the Ibook folder, finding important words andphrases, linking them to glossary pages in the Ibook folder, and helping(human) contributors add new glossary pages to the Ibook folder.

The history of an identity Ibook folder may include a complete record ofall contributions that its entity has made to Ibook folders on the site.

Persona

A persona is an Ibook folder that defines and names a collection ofbehaviors and capabilities that have been designed to be adopted—thatis, inherited by—an identity Ibook folder. Ibook site members maytemporarily take on a persona by having their identity Ibook folderstemporarily inherit the Verbol scripts of a persona Ibook folder. Somepersonae are intended to be adopted by human entities and others areintended to be adopted by Verbol assistants.

Roles

A role is a specification of what is to be achieved by the behavior of apersona. Some roles are intended to be adopted by human contributors andothers are intended to be adopted by Verbol assistants.

Istamps

An istamp is a named, addressable, structured text object that points tosome content. In one embodiment, an istamp is an HTML element. An istampis designed to be used in Ibook folder content to “point to” other Ibookfolder content, such as an Ibook page. An istamp's name and address isintended to make it easy to link to istamps from within other Ibooklocations. Every itag includes an istamp for the Ibook page containingthe itag. An istamp is designed to be inserted into Ibook content. Toolsthat manipulate istamps generally support a “drag and drop” operation.Therefore users can drag a page's istamp to a new location, and copythat istamp by “dropping” it into that location.

An istamp contains a reference to some content. In one embodiment, thisreference takes the form of an HTML anchor element. The value of the“href” property of the element points to the content that the istampdesignates.

Display of Itags and Istamps

Itags and istamps can be displayed when their associated Ibook page isdisplayed, or they can be hidden. Any contributor who creates an itag oran istamp can indicate whether that element is to be displayed or to behidden. The viewer of an Ibook page can also indicate whether they wantto have itags and istamps displayed, hidden, or handled according to thespecification of the element's creator. The preference of the viewer maytake precedence over the preference of the element's creator.

Verbol Chat Generally

In one embodiment, the chat room of a topic room is implemented usingVerbol chat. In this embodiment, chat room participants chat byexchanging Verbol messages. Verbol chat supports collaborativeconversations by the participants in the topic room. In one embodimentof Verbol chat, participants use the IRC protocol to exchange messages.Text messages can be typed by each participant, including Verbolassistant objects. The messages appear in a chronological, scrollablelog in a “Verbol chat” window on the screen of all of the participants.Each entry in the chat log corresponds to a message from one of theparticipants, or one of the Verbol assistants. Each message is tagged soas to identify its origin. It is also time stamped.

A Verbol chat room allows every object to receive messages from otherobjects in the chat room. Although users chat to each other inunrestricted text, or send pictures, or send messages with similarlyunrestricted contents, the process of sending a message results in aVerbol command being generated. This Verbol command “wraps” the messagecontents, and is recorded in the history of the Verbol chat by theVerbol chat controller.

In addition to sending comments, topic room participants can tie theirbrowser displays to the display of another participant, in effect“following” that “leader” around as she or he browses content. In thismode, the leader's Ibook controller generates Verbol messages thatspecify where the “leader” is browsing. These Verbol messages are sentto the chat room. Any other participants you have become followers canfollow the leader by having the topic room send the leader's Verbolmessages to each follower's Ibook controller. When a follower's Ibookcontroller receives such a Verbol message, it will direct the follower'sbrowser to browse to the same location as the leader.

Participants in chat rooms have, or can have, roles (see Roles above).

Fundamentally, Verbol chat generally comprises: a) participants who useVerbol to participate in the chat room and make contributions to theIbook; b) a history log of all the Verbol commands for thoseinteractions and contributions; c) a mechanism for capturing anddisplaying those Verbol scripts; d) a mechanism for listing theparticipants; e) a mechanism for storing, searching, and locating thosehistories, and episodes within those histories; and f) a mechanism foranimating the Verbol histories (that is, a means of executing the loggedVerbol commands so as to recreate the history of the Verbol conversationand contributions).

Searching Verbol Histories

Verbol chat logs can be scanned and filtered based on the properties ofthe Verbol commands in the logs. Some of the properties that can becombined to search or filter the logs include the name of the topicroom, the name of the participants in a chat, the temporalcharacteristics of the script elements (time, date, duration, etc.), thetypes of roles played by the participants, the nature and effect of theVerbol commands that comprise the logs, and location properties of thecontent and messages contributed in the log.

Voice Chat

As discussed above, in order to log into an Ibook site, an Ibook sitemember may be required to launch an Ibook controller. The version ofIbook controller used with topic rooms may include an “audiorecorder”controller or audiorecorder. The audiorecorder helps contributorsrecord, markup, save, and playback audio material, including materialspoken by the user. The audiorecorder is software that controls standardaudio, multimedia, and/or telephony hardware on the contributor'scomputer.

Using the audiorecorder, audio content can be added to an Ibook folder.This audio content is added as “external content” as described above.Such a page is called an “audiopage”.

More particularly, recorded audio content can be downloaded to theserver that is hosting an Ibook site. An Ibook page can be created whoseitag points to the external audio content (this is the audio page).Using the audiorecorder, istamps that designate specific locationsand/or regions in the audio recording can be added to the audiopage.These istamps are called “index points”. When a user clicks on an indexpoint in an audiopage, the audio content beginning at the designatedlocation, or within the designated region, will be played back for theuser.

In one embodiment, the MySharer software is used to transfer audiocontent from a participant's machine to the Ibook site. In thisembodiment, each participant specifies through the MySharer softwarethat they want a particular file folder on their computer to beregularly updated and synchronized with a corresponding folder on theIbook site. Each participant may specify that their audiorecorder is todrop audio files into their local copy of the shared folder. When aperson makes a recorded comment in the topic room, an audio file with arecording of their comment is placed in their local copy of the sharedfolder. The MySharer software may then copy that file into the Ibooksite synchronized folder. From there, the MySharer software maypropagate a copy of the recorded comment to the corresponding folder oneach participant's computer.

Software Usage

The following explains how to integrate one specific embodiment of astandalone audiorecorder, the MySharer software, and chat, to record,send, and play back voice messages while communicating with people in achat room. When a topic room member creates a recording, it will becreated in a directory selected by the member. This directory isspecified as part of a MySharer mapping. The MySharer software willtherefore upload the recording file to a selected Ibook folder. When theMySharer software has uploaded the file, a message may be displayed inthe Ibook chat window. This message may be selected by the member tolink to the file in the chat window, and the file will play.

To use voice chat:

1. Create a MySharer mapping—This enables the MySharer software toupload the wave file of your recording to an Ibook site (e.g.,free.familysystems.org).

2. Start Ibook chat—This enables the user to see that the MySharersoftware has carried out the upload request, and to click on a link tothe wave file to play it back.

3. Create a recording using audiorecorder—Record your voice input, usingfor example an external mike attached to your PC's sound card.

A user needs to create the mapping between the directory on his or herclient computer in which the audio recordings are saved, and a MySharerdirectory on an Ibook site (e.g., free.familysystems.org) If anappropriate mapping already exists, then this is not necessary.

To create a mapping, a user may:

1. Start the MySharer software (e.g., build 138, which is part of build144 of the Ibook controller).

2. Click MySharer/Options—the MySharer options dialog is displayed.

3. Click the Add to create a new mapping. A “Nominated Dir Properties”window may be displayed. FIG. 6 shows an illustrative “Nominated DirProperties” window 7000.

4. In the field local directory, enter the name of directory from whichthe voice messages will be uploaded. This may be performed by using thebrowse button to select the directory, or if a standalone audiorecorderis running, highlight the path (such as C: \My Recordings) in therecordings directory field in the Audio Recorder window, and press thekeys Ctrl+C to copy this value to the Windows clipboard, then pressCtrl+V to paste it into the Local Directory field.

5. In the field Web Address, enter the full web address of his or herIbook folder. The user should make sure, for example, that he or she hasenrolled on free.familysystems.org—the user should then have an identityIbook folder in their name. The user may open his or her Ibook folder,and click the MySharer Ibook folder link in his or her identity Ibookfolder. The URL should now look like this:http://free.familysystems.org/identity-ibook/myname/mysharer/myfilelist.htm.The user may copy the path of this URL (excluding the filenamemyfilelist.htm) and paste it into the Web Address field in the“Nominated Dir Properties” window. For example, copy:http://free.familysystems.org/identity-ibook/myname/mysharer.

6. Enter his or her user ID and password for his or her identity Ibookfolder in the Userid and Password fields.

7. Click apply to apply your changes.

8. Click the general tab and make sure that the send chat messages checkbox is selected. Set update, for example, to one minute.

9. Click OK to save the changes to the general tabset and exit from theMySharer options window.

10. To enable the MySharer software to automatically upload his or herfiles from the nominated directory at the specified interval, clickstart on the MySharer window.

To start Ibook chat, a user may:

1. Start the Ibook controller, go to the chat menu, and connect to thechat server (e.g., the free.familysystems.org server, and the chat roomis talk). The chat room is displayed. FIG. 7 shows an illustrative chatroom window 8000.

2. Make sure that Verbol commands are shown. (To check if Verbolcommands are shown, click menu and then options on the chat room window.The options dialog is displayed. Make sure the show Verbol commandscheck box is checked.)

3. Each time the MySharer software uploads the voice message files, see,in the chat room window, a “MySharer has updated” message against thename of a user. Below it, there will be a link to the voice message. Theuser may click the link to play back the voice message.

To start a recording, a user may:

1. Record his or her voice message. This may be done with an externalmicrophone connected to the client computer's sound card.

2. Start the standalone audiorecorder (e.g., build 27) by for exampleclicking Start>Programs>Audio Recorder V.1.0.27>Standalone AudioRecorder. FIG. 8 shows an illustrative audiorecorder window 9000.

3. Choose the directory where he or she wants to store the voicemessages. The default illustrated in FIG. 8 is C: \My Recordings, butany suitable directory may be selected.

4. Using his or her microphone to record your message, click the recordbutton to start recording and click stop to finish it. The recordingwill be saved in the chosen directory and the MySharer software willcopy the file to the chosen Ibook folder, and send a message to Ibookchat.

Topic Room Properties

Every topic room page may have its own set of rights and privileges,which may be determined by some of the statements in its Verbol script.Every Ibook site member may have his or her own rights and privileges,which are specified in that member's identity. Many roles carry withthem certain rights, privileges, and constraints, which are specified inthe role.

The final rights, privileges, and constraints of a participant in a chatroom are determined by a well-defined composition of the rights,privileges, and constraints specified in the topic room folder, theparticipant's identity Ibook folder, and the participant's currentPersona, if any.

Verbol

A. Behavior of Ibook Objects

The behavior of an Ibook folder is the composition of the behavior ofthat Ibook folder's pages. The behavior of an Ibook page is defined bythe Verbol script in the vspace of the page's itag.

B. The Verbol Architecture

The Verbol architecture is an architecture for creating, sustaining, andsupporting communication between independent, distributed,self-regulating, cooperating objects. An object designed to exhibit someinteresting or useful behavior within the Verbol architecture is calleda Verbol object. Verbol objects exhibit their behavior when they areactivated within a virtual computing environment called the Verbolminimum operating environment. The behavior of Verbol objects isspecified in Verbol scripts associated with those objects. Verbolobjects have two types of behavior: they exchange messages with otherVerbol objects, and they control non-Verbol objects.

Within the Verbol minimum operating environment, Verbol objects maycommunicate with each other using any language they like. Obviously,objects that don't understand the same language can't communicateeffectively, so useful interaction between Verbol objects only occurswhen the objects that are trying to communicate employ the samelanguage. Colloquially, it may be said that Verbol objects “speak aVerbol language,” but two perfectly legitimate Verbol objects mayunderstand completely different languages, and be utterly unable tocommunicate. On the other hand, the behavior of a single Verbol object,as found in the Verbol script for that object, could be specified in alanguage that only that object understood.

A Verbol object may use a Verbol interpreter to analyze and process itsscripts and any Verbol messages it receives. The Verbol interpreter, inturn, may make use of a Verbol grammar to parse the messages andscripts, and a Verbol processor to process the parsed messages andscripts. The language that a Verbol object understands may be completelydetermined by the Verbol interpreter and the Verbol grammar that it usesto analyze and process its scripts and messages.

Therefore, two Verbol objects can communicate reliably if and only ifthey use the same, or compatible, Verbol interpreters and grammars.

Topic rooms, Ibook folders and pages, istamps, the Ibook controller, andthe Verbol chat controller are all Verbol objects. They are calledVerbol Ibook objects.

The Ibook controller may contain a Verbol minimum operating environment.The Ibook controller places each Verbol Ibook object it holds into itsVerbol minimum operating environment, thereby activating the object andendowing it with the behavior specified by its script.

Verbol Ibook objects may all speak a language referred to as the Verbolstandard Ibook language. Verbol Ibook objects may use the Verbolstandard Ibook language both for the messages they send and receive, andfor the scripts that define their behavior.

Verbol Ibook objects may all speak the same language because they alluse the same Verbol interpreter and grammar. The Verbol interpreter theyuse is called the Verbol standard Ibook interpreter, and the grammar iscalled the Verbol standard Ibook grammar.

C. Verbol Architecture Design Principles

Verbol objects may control all their own behavior (including allcopies). Verbol objects may inherit all contributed behavior. Verbolobjects are called by their name. Each Verbol object may be its ownclass. A Verbol wrapper can be created for any non-Verbol object.

D. The Verbol Minimum Operating Environment

Every object may inherit the ability to interpret Verbol. The Verbolminimum operating environment may be responsible for a) creating,maintaining, running, and terminating Verbol objects; b) passingmessages between Verbol objects; and c) mapping Verbol names to specificVerbol objects, and for locating those objects.

The Verbol minimum operating environment is a non-Verbol object. Likeall non-Verbol objects, it can be given a Verbol wrapper. One embodimentof the Verbol minimum operating environment for Ibook folders isimplemented in Java.

E. The Verbol Standard Ibook Language

There are two types of statements in the Verbol standard Ibook language:“listening statements” and “action statements” (sometimes referred to as“imperative statements”). There are two common listening statements: the“whenever” statement and the “for” statement.

The whenever statement, as discussed above, has the following form:Whenever <event pattern> <action pattern>. When an Ibook page is loaded,the Ibook controller may execute all of the whenever statements in thepage's vspace. Each whenever statement represents a condition for whichthe controller is to “listen”, and an action to be taken if thatcondition is found. The actions are Verbol action statements. When anaction is to be taken, the corresponding Verbol action statement isexecuted.

The for statement has the following form: For <action pattern> <vspacedesignator>. Whenever a Verbol object receives a command (a Verbolaction statement), it may search for either a whenever statement whoseevent pattern matches the Verbol action, or a for statement whose actionpattern matches the Verbol action. If a matching for statement is found,the Verbol script in the designated vspace is scanned to “resolve” theaction to be taken to execute the action statement being processed. Thevspace designator may be an expression that typically resolves toanother Ibook page.

Commonly used Verbol action statements may include for example: a) copy[in/to] <ibook>/own book; b) play <audiopage istamp>; and c) create <newpage name> [based on] <template specifier>.

Computer Program Listing Appendix

The computer program listing appendix submitted on two copies (i.e.,copy 1 and copy 2) of a compact disc includes build instructions in javasource code for partial embodiments of the methods described above.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this inventionand various modifications can be made by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

1. A method for using a chat room, comprising: passing messages from atleast one object associated with a user of the chat room to one or moreusers of the chat room when the user takes an action; enabling a user todecide whether or not an object associated with that user is to take aparticular action based on a received message; and enabling a user toadd behavior to content by providing a tag which references the contentand an object that defines the behavior, wherein the content is at leastone of a word processing document, a spreadsheet document, an imagedocument, a web page, digital audio, multimedia recording, text,two-dimensional graphics, three-dimensional graphics, n-dimensionalgraphics, animation, video, source code, and executable code.
 2. Themethod defined in claim 1, further comprising passing messages from atleast one object associated with a user of the chat room to one or moreusers of the chat room when an event occurs.
 3. The method defined inclaim 1 wherein a user of the chat room is selected from the groupconsisting of a human, an object associated with a human that is definedby scripts, and an object with its own identity that is defined byscripts.
 4. The method defined in claim 1, wherein content of themessage is based on the action.
 5. The method defined in claim 1,further comprising enabling a user to decide whether or not an objectassociated with the user is to take a particular action when acombination of messages is received.
 6. The method defined in claim 1,further comprising taking the particular action when the message isreceived or after the message has been received.
 7. The method definedin claim 1, wherein enabling the user to decide whether or not an objectassociated with the user is to take a particular action comprisesenabling the user to program the object to follow an associated scriptwhenever a specified event or message or a combination of specifiedevents or messages occurs.
 8. The method defined in claim 1, whereinenabling the user to decide whether or not an object associated with theuser is to take a particular action comprises enabling the user toprogram the object by inputting a Verbol whenever statement and anassociated script.
 9. The method defined in claim 1, wherein themessages are speakable commands.
 10. The method defined in claim 9,further comprising enabling a user to create, monitor, examine, andreact to speakable or spoken commands.
 11. The method defined in claim1, wherein enabling the user to decide whether or not an objectassociated with the user is to take a particular action comprisesallowing the user to decide after the message has been received whetheror not an object associated with the user is to take a particularaction.
 12. The method defined in claim 1, further comprising passing amessage from an object associated with the user of the chat room to theone or more users of the chat room when the user takes an actionselected from the group consisting of changing a location of the user'sweb browser, making an audio recording, setting an index point relatingto a recording or a portion thereof, creating a new page, and revising apage.
 13. The method defined in claim 12, wherein the message passedwhen the user makes the audio recording includes information to play theaudio recording or a portion of the audio recording.
 14. The methoddefined in claim 13, wherein the information to play the audio recordingincludes a link.
 15. The method defined in claim 1, further comprisingpassing a message from an object associated with the user of the chatroom to the one or more users of the chat room when the user plays anaudio recording.
 16. The method defined in claim 1, wherein one objectassociated with the user has an identity defined by scripts.
 17. Themethod defined in claim 16, wherein the one object has a meetingcoordinator identity and wherein the one object includes scripts forcoordinating meetings of remote participants.
 18. The method defined inclaim 17, wherein the scripts for coordinating meetings of remoteparticipants comprise a script for calling the remote participants and ascript for connecting the remote participants to a conference call. 19.The method defined in claim 16, wherein the one object has a glossarizeridentity and wherein the one object includes scripts for linking wordsor phrases to a glossary page.
 20. The method defined in claim 1,further comprising creating a log, wherein the content of the log isselected from the group consisting of all messages that are passed andall activity that relates to a specific user.
 21. The method defined inclaim 20, further comprising enabling a user to play back the history ofparticipation in the chat room using the log.
 22. The method defined inclaim 20, wherein the log is created in the form of scripts.
 23. Themethod defined in claim 20, further comprising enabling a user to searchthe log based on the content of the log.
 24. The method defined in claim1, further comprising enabling the user who added the tag to indicatewhether the tag is to be displayed or hidden.
 25. The method defined inclaim 1, further comprising enabling a user who is viewing the contentto which a tag has been added to determine whether the tag is to bedisplayed or hidden.
 26. The method defined in claim 1, wherein thebehavior is defined by scripts.
 27. The method defined in claim 1,wherein the behavior is defined by a persona.
 28. The method defined inclaim 1, further comprising enabling users of the chat room to buildpersonas having a set of behaviors.
 29. The method defined in claim 28,further comprising enabling the personas to communicate using multiplelanguages.
 30. The method defined in claim 28, wherein the set ofbehaviors comprises a set of human-like behaviors.
 31. The methoddefined in claim 28, wherein the set of behaviors of a persona isdefined by scripts.
 32. The method defined in claim 31, wherein thescripts are provided by multiple users.
 33. The method defined in claim28, further comprising enabling a user of the chat room to adopt apersona by inheriting the behavior.
 34. The method defined in claim 28,further comprising enabling a user of the chat room to have an assistantobject adopt a persona.
 35. The method defined in claim 34, wherein theassistant object acts as an artificial agent.
 36. The method defined inclaim 1, further comprising using the chat room to communicate betweenobjects.
 37. The method defined in claim 1, wherein an object thatimplements the chat room is a participant in the chat room.
 38. A methodfor using a chat room, comprising: passing messages from at least oneobject associated with a user of the chat room to one or more users ofthe chat room when the user takes an action or when at least one eventoccurs; enabling a user to decide whether or not an object associatedwith the user is to take a particular action based on a receivedmessage; and enabling a user to add behavior to content by providing atag which references the content and an object that defines thebehavior, wherein the content is at least one of a word processingdocument, a spreadsheet document, an image document, a web page, digitalaudio, multimedia recording, text, two-dimensional graphics,three-dimensional graphics, n-dimensional graphics, animation, video,source code, and executable code.
 39. The method defined in claim 38,further comprising enabling a user to define the at least one event thatcauses a message to be passed.
 40. A method for using a chat room,comprising: passing messages from at least one object associated with auser of the chat room to one or more users of the chat room when theuser takes an action; and enabling a user to decide whether or not anobject associated with that user is to take a particular action based ona received message, wherein one object associated with the user has anidentity defined by scripts, wherein the one object has a glossarizeridentity, and wherein the one object includes scripts for linking wordsor phrases to a glossary page.